Middle East: Authoritarian Democracy and Democratic Authoritarianism

For a part of the world that doesn't have a lot of freedom, the Middle East certainly has a lot of elections that matter. On May 16, Kuwaitis elected a new parliament, sending women to the chamber for the first time. On June 7, Lebanese will go to the polls, and five days later, Iranians will have their turn.

That Kuwaitis voted four women into office was a surprise even to close observers, who just a year ago had watched all of the female candidates go to defeat. As for the upcoming elections next month, handicappers expect an uneasy tie between the pro- and anti-Hezbollah factions in Lebanon, and a photo finish in Iran. But what makes these elections so interesting is that their outcomes are truly unknown. In much of the region, the results are a foregone conclusion. Rulers elsewhere are not about to allow challengers, and victory margins of 20, 40, or even 90 percent are commonplace. These countries are different.

The countries that have meaningful elections, though, are not the most liberal ones by any means. Kuwait and Iran both ban alcohol and take religious law to be the bedrock of legislation. Lebanon is more libertine, but in many parts of the country, religious rule is ascendant.

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